eruptions: explosive(gases escape                            Coriolis Effect: The deflective force of Earth's rotation on all       

from melt), quiescent("hawaiian"                                 free moving objects, including the atmosphere and oceans. Deflectionis to the right

very fluid basaltic lavas)                                              in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere

volcano types: shield(accumulation                         Upwelling: The rising of cold water from deeper layers to replace water surface water

of fluid basaltic lavas, exhibit shape                           that has been moved away

of broad domed structure), composite                        Tides: Periodic change in elevation of the oceans surfaces

(large, nearly symmetrical persistent                          Waves: (wave height: the vertical distance between the trough and crest of a wave,                                                                                         wave period: The time interval between the passage of successive crests at a                       

eruption viscous lava, conical shape)

viscosity: determined by temp, composition

, amount dissolved gases- how resistant to flow

pyroclastics: pulvarized rock, lava, 

and glass fragments ejected from vent

continental shelf: The gently sloping submerged

portion of the continental margin that extends from

the shoreline to the continental  slope

continental slope: the steep gradient that leads to the 

deep ocean floor and marks the seaward edge

of the continental shelf

abyssal plain: A very level area of the deep-ocean floor,

usually lying at the foot of the continental rise.

mid-ocean ridge: A continuous 

elevated zone on the floor

of all the major ocean basins 

and varying in width from 500 to

5000km. The rifts at the crests of these 

ridges represent divergent

plate boundaries. Also known as the oceanic ridge

salinity: Proportion of dissolved salts to pure water. Average

salinity ranges from 35 percent to 37 percent. Principle elements

chlorine and sodium. Primary source of the element for the

elements in sea salt are chemical weathering of rocks on the continents

and volcanic outgassing on the ocean floor

-Variations in seawater salinity are primarily caused by changing water content ex: add 

large amounts of freshwater to sea water

 and and increased precipitation and runoff from land.

 Iceberg melting and sea ice melting. Evaporation of fresh water

Ocean Bathymetry: bathymetry: measurement of ocean depths 

and the charting of the shape of the ocean floor. Sonar(navigation 

and ranging, echo sounders first type of sonar technology that trasmits a 

sound wave into water. Satellites can also be used using radar pulses from space