Consider the following construction processes concreting (a) and welding (b).

1. Describe in detail how the materials/processes used may be tested on site.
2. Concrete: The slump test is a means of assessing the consistency of fresh concrete. It is used, indirectly, as a means of checking that the correct amount of water has been added to the mix.

Slump Test:
This is where the wet concrete is placed in a cone shaped metal mould of specified dimensions and allowed to sag under its own weight after the cone is removed. The vertical distance between the top of the mould and the top of the slumped mixture is an index of its working consistency.

The slump is deemed acceptable if the measured slump from the top of the cone to the top of the slump is within the acceptable slump measurement and tolerance.

f the slump is found to be unacceptable another slump test is to be undertaken immediately, if the failure is repeated, then the concrete is unacceptable for use.

1. Welding: remove slag visual inspection

On simple welds, inspecting at the beginning of each operation and periodically as work progresses may be adequate. Among the weld defects that can be recognized visually are cracking, surface slag inclusions, surface porosity and undercut.

Removal of slags is usually done using manual or power tools. Manual tools may include a welding or chipping hammer, which has a pointed tip on one end to break up large chunks of slag efficiently, or wire brushes. Power tools may include angle grinder.

1. Explain how the results of the aforementioned test will be used and how it may affect the progress of work.

If slump test fails, then the concrete is to be rejected for placement, thus significantly delaying the project process, costing time and money.

Slag does not contribute to strength or protection of metals after the welding process; it is waste material. But removal of the slag is necessary. Therefore, the visual inspection is required process during with the welding, the result is used for determine the quality and useability of the material, however, usually will not affect the project process, but may increase the material cost for repairing or replacing.

1. Explain how samples of materials taken during placement or installation are accurately identified and sent for laboratory testing.
2. All results from tests are to be recorded and kept to evidence compliance. it is imperative to ensure the sample selected to undergo further laboratory testing is the representative of the total.

Therefore, the whole process is required to follow the chain of evidence:

• Who has taken the sample, any witness required?
• What sample or samples has been taken, including amount or volume.
• When was the sample taken, including date and time.
• Where was the sample taken, location and environmental details and weather if necessary.
• Why, the purpose of the lab testing.
• How, any specific collection method is used to determine whether the sample is acceptable for its intended purpose.
• Describe by way of one common example how a material is handled correctly and safely on site using appropriate

Plasterboard sheets should be delivered to site immediately prior to installation to reduce risk of damage. It is to be stacked flat and kept dry. Storage off the ground shall be on strong level bearers laid along the width of sheets at 600mm maximum centres. Adequate ventilation shall be provided to carry off excess moisture.