BELMONT REPORT: summarizes ethical principles and guidelines for research involving human subjects. Three core principles are identified: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Three primary areas of application are also stated. They are informed consent, assessment of risks and benefits, and selection of subjects. ANIMAL WELFARE ACT:  requires that minimum standards of care and treatment be provided for certain animals bred for commercial sale, used in research, transported commercially, or exhibited to the public. RESPECT FOR PERSONS:  protecting the autonomy of all people and treating them with courtesy and respect and allowing for informed consent. Researchers must be truthful and conduct no deception. BENEFICENCE: The philosophy of "Do no harm" while maximizing benefits for the research project and minimizing risks to the research subjects. JUSTICE: ensuring reasonable, non-exploitative, and well-considered procedures are administered fairly — the fair distribution of costs and benefits to potential research participants. INFORMED CONSENT: permission granted in the knowledge of the possible consequences, typically that which is given by a patient to a doctor for treatment with full knowledge of the possible risks and benefits. COERCION:  the practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats.DEBRIEFING: is a critical part of any experiment or psychological study that involves human participants. This procedure is conducted after the experiment or study has been concluded. Debriefing involves a structured or semi-structured verbal conversation between the researcher and the subjects whereby an array of topics are addressed and discussed, and the subjects are given an opportunity to ask questions. UNDUE INFLUENCE: influence by which a person is induced to act otherwise than by their own free will or without adequate attention to the consequences. DATA FABRICATION: is the intentional misrepresentation of research results by making up data. DATA FALSIFICATION: is manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record. INTERRATER RELIABILITY:  is the degree of agreement among raters. INTERVAL SCALE:  numeric scales in which we know both the order and the exact differences between the values. ORDINAL SCALE: typically measures of non-numeric concepts like satisfaction, happiness, discomfort, etc. RATIO SCALE: Good examples of ratio variables include height, weight, and duration, and it also has true zero. DISCRIMINANT VALIDITY:  tests whether concepts or measurements that are not supposed to be related are actually unrelated. CRITERION VALIDITY: the extent to which a measure is related to an outcome. FACE VALIDITY: the degree to which a procedure, especially a psychological test or assessment, appears effective in terms of its stated aims. CONVERGENT VALIDITY: refers to the degree to which two measures of constructs that theoretically should be related, are in fact related. CONSTRUCT VALIDITY: the degree to which a test measures what it claims, or purports, to be measuring. LIKERT SCALE:  is a rating scale, often found on survey forms, that measures how people feel about something. It includes a series of questions that you ask people to answer, and ideally 5-7 balanced responses people can choose from. OPEN ENDED QUESTION:  a question that requires a full answer, using the subject's own knowledge or feelings. These questions are objective, do not lead the person being asked, and result in an answer that requires an explanation. FORCED CHOICE QUESTION: is a format for question responses that requires respondents to provide an answer (e.g., yes or no), forcing them to make judgments about each response option.