Utopianism reformist begin to create the first alternative models to the industrial city, the utopianism reformista.Intentan noted these shortcomings, both social and urban qe were the result of this industrial city qe ideas were raised and attempting to solve the problem of settlement workers and their relationship to new industries and to include Robert Owen in England in 1817 and Charles m.fourier France 1822, qe qe proposed two models have the same proposed idea.Fouries Phalanstère. There was also the reform model ls interiores.Las are more eloquent Housman, qe reorders 1845.Es Paris in an attempt to solve all the city (center), trying to create some avenues that enable smooth functioning of the city of Paris.Basada on a new ground for a side reconstruction of large public works, qe provide work of the high obreros.Y No other hand make more difficult future revolutions, demolishing the narrow medieval streets, replacing it with broad, straight arteries suitable for moviento of tropas.El Housman plan sigientes pretend to achieve the objectives: 1-Arrange legal and financial mechanisms enabling qe The utilization of state public works necessary for the refurbishment of streets and avenues. 2-Occupy public works with a considerable mass of workers. 3-Structuring from a city road system, consisting of ring-and radial arteries, qe link together the various districts and in particular the railway stations to the center, extending rectilinear layout to allow the use of cavalry and cannons. 4-Demolish buildings historic medieval town, expelling the proletariat of them to build public buildings, houses, etc..

5-Matching infraestructurs techniques to the needs of a modern city, using ls latest scientific advances, supply systems, lighting, sewerage.
6-erecting public buildings necessary to conduct state and varolizarlas path from squares and avenues.
7-Grant a homogeneous configuration the field of burgesia.
8-industrial suburbs Relegating the location of the proletariat. 9-organize the system of the city with green parks and squares, at neighborhood and metropolitan scale.
10-Establish formal planning requirements of regulariedad, qe impose a visual coherence to the plot of the habitat, the road layout and focal points identified by their public buildings. SURFACE LAND -
Geomorphology-Study the development of land relief devido to the action of geological forces. 3 branches-1-mapping: aqulla science is based on the outcomes qe geodetic and through different methods leads to the practical conception of plans and maps. 2 -- topography: qe science is trying to portray on the plane a portion of the qe soil surface by their relative Peqeña extension can be considered flat. 3-geodesy: qe mathematical science is studying the shape and dimensions of the whole earth .
-Trig point are marked permanently on the ground. Ellipsoid of reference "is the drive where qe is based topography and cartography.Coordinates astronomical-geodetic all vertices are denoted by a cordenadas astronomical.
-Latitude is measured from center of Ecuador in the land, giving its value in degrees saxagesimales.
Length-is the meridian of Grenwich origin and meaning is measured east or west and the center axis of the earth and also is measured in degrees.