Reported speech Am—was /goes—went/is reading—was reading/has worked—had worked/will go—would go/ may—might..///Today—the day/now—then/yestarday—the previous day/here—there/tomorrow—the following day/this—that/these—those/next(year, week, etc)—the following..../last night—the previous night. Formas de reported 1.statements: he said to me + (that)...(persona) // he told me+(that)…2.questions: asked (me,her, him…)… // yes or no answer con if +s+v(en forma pasada)+c y wh- questions.. (where did you go?....she asked me where I had gone…)3.comanands and request: to + infinitive ( no se cambian al pasado) se puede responder con: ordered, asked y told4.suggesttions: suggested +v. gerundio o suggested + that clause, para personas. Ej: “you should have a hair-cut” he said to his brother…the suggested his brother that he had a hair-cut. Passive I: CD + v.be (mismo tiempo)+ p.p+ continuacion frase+by…(si es importante) Passive II: CD + v. be(mismo tiempo)+ p.p + to nombre+ by…// CI + be( mismo tiempo)+p.p + CD + by…// con People or they con verbos think, believe, say, kown, supose, consider, except, claim…se hacen dos formas si lleva promised ( solo una) 1: It + be(m.t)+ p.p+that + frase. 2: CD+ be(m.t)+ p.p +to have ( si va en pasado) o + to e infint. (si va ne present) si es negativa se pone el not delante del to.
BE: is-are being, was were, will-wont -would be, has-have-had been, is-are going to, can-must,has to..be, can have been… Have something done: (I) + (have +verb)+ (something) + (p.p ) (+ next week….)
Modal verbs: should have + pp/ must have +pp (deduccion posit)/ cant have + pp( deduccion negat.)/ may o might have +pp/ could have+ pp/ neednt have+ pp Relatives: which, who, that ( se pueden sustituir si detrás tienen s+v+c) whose, where, when, why ( no te olvides de las comas). Infinitive: want, hope, forget , promise, agree, cant afford, used to, learn, need to, decide, help, teach, choose, seem, plan,appear, expect /after adejetives, adverbs, elementos oracionales(what…), finalidad, y con modal verbs Gerundio: si hay una preposicion, si tiene verbos: its worth, cant help, its no use/si se usa e verbo como sujeto de la oracion. Con verbos como like o dislake, love, prefer hate, deny… Make: a difference (no importante), money, a noise, friends, the bed, a mistake, plans, progress, a change Do: business( hacer negocios) the right thing ( hacer lo bien), the dishess, someone a favour(hacer un favor), my homework, a job, harm(hacer daño), exercises Condicionals: 1. Present- If -futuro. /2. Pasado simple-If-would+infit. / 3.Had+ p.p-would have+p.p Clauses: so + adj o adv +that… /such(a/an)+ adj o adv +noun + that